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小学英语语法知识点:指示代词

来源:网络资源 文章作者:奥数网整理 2018-11-08 22:53:11

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小学英语语法知识点:指示代词

  1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

  限定词:This girl is Mary.

  Those men are my teachers.

  代词:This is Mary.

  Those are my teachers.

  2) 指示代词的句法功能

  a. 作主语

  This is the way to do it.

  这事儿就该这样做。

  b. 作宾语

  I like this better than that.

  我喜欢这个甚至那个。

  c. 作主语补语

  My point is this.

  我的观点就是如此。

  d. 作介词宾语

  I don‘t say no to that.

  我并未拒绝那个。

  There is no fear of that.

  那并不可怕。

  说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:

  (对)That is my teacher.--那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

  (对)He is going to marry this girl.--他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

  (错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

  (对)I bought this.--我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

  说明2:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

  (对) He admired that which looked beautiful.--他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

  (对) He admired those who looked beautiful.--他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

  (错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)

  (对) He admired those who danced well.--他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

  (对) He admired those which looked beautiful.--他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)